Location

General

Staff and Contact

Data download

Greenhouse gas related data, meteorological data and vegetation data from Hyltemossa can be downloaded from the ICOS Carbon Portal. ICOS Level2 data from the Atmosphere Station HTM (GHG concentrations, air temperature, wind). ICOS Level2 data from the Ecosystem Station SE-Htm (flux data, meteorological data, soil meteorological variables, ancillary data). ICOS Level 1 Near Realtime Data.

Data at the Ecosystem Station is collected at 4 continuous plots around the main measurement tower.

Aerosol data measured at Hyltemossa can be obtained from the ACTRIS data portal

The Hyltemossa site is located on quaternary deposits, dominated by sandy till surrounded by glaciofluvial sediments. Crystalline rock and boulders can be found occasionally. The underlying bedrock is composed mainly from acidic intrusion rock such as Granite with some limited occurrence of a younger ultrabasic rock such as Gabbro.

Soil at the site is classified as Cambisol with a shallow organic horizon, a transition to Podsol can be found in certain areas. Stones in various sizes are found frequently and in some areas influence of groundwater is obvious in 1 m depth.

The site around the tower is dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies) with a small fraction of birch trees (Betula sp.) and single occurrence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Understorey vegetation is sparse. The forest floor is mainly covered by a thick moss layer. 

The forest is owned and managed by Gustafsborg Säteri AB (www.gustafsborg.se). The management turnover rate is 50 years, with an estimated growth of 34 m within 100 years. The site experienced storm damage in 1981, was clear-cut in 1982 and replanted in two stages 1983 with 3300 trees per hectare in plot A and in 1988 in plot B. The forest was cleaned in 1998 and 2005 and thinned in 2009 and 2013.  

Follow this link to access the full ancillary data report of Hyltemossa provided by the ICOS ETC.

Click here to see a satellite image time lapse 1984-2016 on Google Earth Engine.

¹DBH: measured at 1.3 m, minimum diameter: 5 cm

²approach: up to 13 DHP pictures were taken in each of 4 continuous plots . LAI was calculated at each location (9 per plot) and averaged per plot. Only QC checked pictures were included. For each CP 7 or more pictures should be suitable to include plot in aggregation.
Note, that DHP pictures are taken less regularly in latest years since start f deriving GAI from continuous below canopy PPFD measurements.

Data for the 1961-1990 climatological normal from the close by SMHI station Ljungbyhed characterizes the climate as a Cfb-climate (after Köppen), i.e. humid temperate with mild summers and mild winters. Mean annual air temperature for Ljungbyhed is 7°C and mean annual precipitation sums up to 830 mm. 

The measurements are carried out either on the 150 m high tower, at the earth surface, or in a soil pit and on a tree in one of the four continuous measurement points located around the tower. All measurements are carried out within a distance of about 200 m of the tower.

Measured Atmosphere station variables

Variables and measurement heights included in the Atmosphere station program at Hyltemossa are listed on the Atmosphere station introduction page: follow this link to the page

Measured Ecosystem station variables and summary of station parameters

Variables and measurement heights included in the Ecosystem station program at Hyltemossa are listed on the Ecosystem station introduction page: follow this link to the page

Non-ICOS measurements

The research station Hyltemossa hosts an ACTRIS Sweden station and spectral measurements for calculation of the vegetation indices PRI and NDVI from the SITES-associated network NordSpec. Hyltemossa also hosts air pollution background measurements (NOx) for Malmö city (see data here) as well as other complementary measurements from researchers who use the site for their own projects (e.g. BVOC (PTR-TOF) and O3 

concentrations or measurements of sun induced fluorescence and reflectance using a FLOX system).

The station provides mains power and internet via radiolink, and offers an office building including a seminar room (up to 20 persons) as well as accommodation (10 beds in 4 rooms; full kitchen; toilet & shower). In the forest, there is a laboratory building including workshop providing space for guests to deploy instrumentation in a separate room (15m²), and a smaller laboratory building (25m²) run by ACTRIS in a nearby forest clearing.

 Facilities

• Levin, I., Karstens, U., Eritt, M., Maier, F., Arnold, S., Rzesanke, D., Hammer, S., Ramonet, M., Vitková, G., Conil, S., and others 2020. A dedicated flask sampling strategy developed for Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) stations based on CO 2 and CO measurements and Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) footprint modelling. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 20(18), p.11161–11180.
• Lindroth, A., Holst, J., Linderson, M.L., Aurela, M., Biermann, T., Heliasz, M., Chi, J., Ibrom, A., Kolari, P., Klemedtsson, L., and others 2020. Effects of drought and meteorological forcing on carbon and water fluxes in Nordic forests during the dry summer of 2018. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 375(1810), p.20190516.
• Yver-Kwok, C., Philippon, C., Bergamaschi, P., Biermann, T., Calzolari, F., Chen, H., Conil, S., Cristofanelli, P., Delmotte, M., Hatakka, J., and others 2021. Evaluation and optimization of ICOS atmosphere station data as part of the labeling process. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14(1), p.89–116.

• ICOS ETC labelling report: 

  File

  SE-Htm ICOS Ecosystem Station Labelling Report.pdf